NO.1 Ke kumu o ka mika wai
Ua hoʻomaka ka mika wai ma ʻEulopa. I ka makahiki 1825, ua haku ʻo Klaus o Pelekane i ka mika wai pahu wai kaulike me nā ʻano pono pono o nā mea pono, a ukali ʻia e ka mika wai wai piston hoʻokahi, mika wai ʻano multi-jet vane a me ka mika wai ʻano helical vane.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā mika wai ma Kina i ka lohi. I ka makahiki 1879, hānau ʻia ka mea kanu wai mua o Kina ma Lushunkou. I ka makahiki 1883, ua hoʻokumu nā mea kālepa Pelekane i ka lua o ka mea kanu wai ma Shanghai, a ua hoʻomaka e hoʻolauna i nā mika wai i Kina. I nā makahiki 1990, hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kā Kina hoʻokele waiwai i ka wikiwiki nui, hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻia ka ʻoihana mika wai, ua pāpālua ka nui o nā ʻoihana a me ka huina huahana, i ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻano wai mika like ʻole, ka mika heluhelu wai mika a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. e ala aʻe.
NO.2 Mīkini wai mīkini a me ka mika wai akamai
Mīkini wai mīkini
Hoʻohana ʻia ka mīkini mika mīkini e ana mau ai, hoʻopaʻanaʻau a hōʻike i ka nui o ka wai e kahe ana i ka paipu ana ma lalo o nā kūlana hana i helu ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hanana kumu okino mete, uhi, ana ʻana, hana ana i ka helu, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka mīkini mika mīkini, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mika wai kuʻuna, kahi ʻano mika wai e hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana. Me ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ana ʻana, noho mau ka mika wai mīkini i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka laulaha kaulana o ka wai mika akamai.
Ka mika wai akamai
ʻO ka mika wai akamai he ʻano hou o ka mika wai e hoʻohana nei i ka ʻenehana microelectronics o kēia ao, ʻenehana ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana kāleka IC akamai e ana i ka wai, hoʻolilo i ka ʻikepili wai a hoʻoponopono i nā waihona. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mika wai kuʻuna, nona wale ka hana o ka hōʻiliʻili kahe a me ka hōʻike kuhikuhi mechanical o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, kahi holomua maikaʻi loa ia.
He mana nui kā ka mika wai akamai, e like me ka prepayment, lawa ʻole ka pūlima kaulike, ʻaʻohe heluhelu mika mika. Ma waho o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hōʻike uila o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, hiki iā ia ke kaohi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai e like me ka ʻaelike, a hoʻopau pono i ka helu ʻana o ka uku wai o ke kumu kūʻai wai, a hiki ke mālama i ka ʻikepili wai i ka manawa like.
NO.3 Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o nā waiwai mika wai
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me nā hana.
mika wai kivila a me ka mika wai ʻoihana.
Ma ka mahana
Māhele ʻia i ka mika wai anuanu a me ka mika wai wela.
Wahi a ka mahana waena, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka mika wai anuanu a me ka mika wai wela
(1) Mika wai anuanu: ʻo ka palena palena palena haʻahaʻa o ka waena he 0 ℃ a me ka mahana palena kiʻekiʻe he 30 ℃.
(2) Mika wai wela: mika wai me ka mahana palena palena haʻahaʻa o 30 ℃ a me ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 90 ℃ a i ʻole 130 ℃ a i ʻole 180.
ʻOkoʻa iki nā koi o nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa, hiki i kekahi mau ʻāina ke hōʻea i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 50 kekelē Celsius.
E kaomi
Māhele ʻia i ka mika wai maʻamau a me ka mika wai kiʻekiʻe.
Wahi a ke kaomi i hoʻohana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka mika wai maʻamau a me ka mika wai kiʻekiʻe. I Kina, ʻo ka palena palena palena o ka mika wai maʻamau ʻo 1MPa. ʻO ka mika wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe he ʻano mika wai me ka kaomi hana ʻoi aku ma mua o 1MPa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e ana i ka wai o ka wai i lalo a me nā wai ʻenehana e kahe ana ma o nā paipu.
Heluhelu wai ʻana i ka mika No.4.
ʻO ke ana o ke ana o ka mika wai ka mika cubic (M3). E hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu helu mika i ka helu holoʻokoʻa o nā mika cubic, a ʻo ka mantissa ma lalo o 1 mika cubic e hoʻokomo ʻia i ka puni aʻe.
Hōʻike ʻia ka pointer e nā kala like ʻole. ʻO nā mea me ka mahele waiwai i ʻoi aku ma mua a i ʻole e like me 1 mika cubic ʻeleʻele a pono e heluhelu. ʻO kēlā mau mea ma lalo o 1 mika cubic ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kēia heluhelu.
NO.5 Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka mika wai?
ʻO kēlā me kēia mika wai i ke alo o nā pilikia kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka ʻole o ka ʻae, hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻopiʻi pololei i ka keʻena ʻoihana o ka ʻoihana wai, a hoʻouna i nā limahana e hoʻoponopono me ka hui wai.
Ka manawa o ka manawa: Dec-25-2020